What is the meaning of the most widely used political terms?
We sometimes get lost when hearing the news or following a political program because of the political terminology used, whose meaning we do not know. Therefore, we will present to you in the following a simplified explanation of the most commonly used ones:
1. Bureaucracy or Office Rule
A certain pattern of rules, behaviors, and measures devoid of all creativity or flexibility, as this term refers to a state of literal adherence to the laws, is what makes every work governed by ready-made templates and studied steps that result in nothing but routine. So we see bureaucracy widespread in government departments; it stands in the way of any possible development or modernization.
2. Ideology
This term consists of two words: "idea," which is of Greek origin, meaning "thought,” and loges, meaning “study.” Ideology is a set of beliefs and thoughts that control and influence the way we think and look at the world around us.
We believe in certain ideologies and defend them desperately without often knowing that they belong only to us.
What you think and believe in is not necessarily thought and believed by others. Religion is one of these ideologies that influence many. It is worth mentioning that there are very complex ideologies, such as Marxism, and others that are very simple, such as some of the prevailing ideas in a society.
3. Pragmatic
This term is derived from a Greek word meaning "pragma," That is, work. Pragmatism is one of the political and philosophical doctrines that link decisions to the outcome of work. The pragmatic person is the person who sees the success of work as the only criterion by which their actions and decisions are measured, and they are not linked in any way to prevailing ideas or a certain ideology; what matters to them is the expected results.
4. Proletariat
The class of workers and peasants who depend on their efforts and toil as a source of income, the proletariat class, is considered one of the exploited and poor classes, and it is upon them that all economic crises fall, while they do not enjoy any advantages in times of prosperity and well-being, and they never get advantages commensurate with their efforts.
5. bourgeoisie
The origin of the term is French, and this term refers to the owners of agricultural, real estate, and industrial wealth. For socialists and communists, it refers to the exploited classes, against which many popular revolutions have taken place.
6. Technocrats or Technology Rule
This term arose as a result of the great development witnessed by the world in the recent period, and the increasing interest in science and its entry into all areas of life contributed to the increase in the power of technocrats, who now have the decision to decide in many positions of power.
7. Dictatorship
The monopoly of authority by one person and their alone in controlling the fate of their people, basing their decisions on their opinions and desires without taking the people into account.
8. Demagoguery
"Demos" means the people in Greek and "Gogia" means work. This term refers to the tricks and machinations used by politicians to deceive the people with the aim of achieving their personal interests in order to gain authority.
9. Radical
In French, “radical” means root, and the term refers to the desire and orientation of a party towards bringing about radical changes and profound reforms in the structure of societies. The term radicals is also applied to those with extremist tendencies.
10. Chauvinism
Blind nationalism leads to hostility toward any foreigner for no reason other than nationalism.
11. Fascism
The exaltation of the individual at the expense of the oppression of the people is an intellectual system based on racism and dictatorship, Hitler is a European-style fascist example, and we all know what Hitler did to humanity because of his fascist rule.
12. Federal
That is, the state is divided into states that have cooperative relations, and each state or province has a central government, as is the case in the United States of America.
13. Liberal
This term represents the struggle of the industrial class against tyranny and means the establishment of a government based on class discrimination that respects all freedoms.
The meanings of the names of some sciences
1. Biology
This term is composed of two Greek words: the first word (bio) means "life," and the second (loges) means study; hence, this term means biology and it involves almost nine fields.
2. Metaphysics
It is one of the most important philosophical branches. Metaphysics is concerned with existential issues, metaphysics, and intangible concepts that cannot be reached, such as religion, eternity, life, death, how the universe arose, and other questions to which there are no clear answers.
3. Ontology
The origin of the term is Greek. The first section (onto) means "existence." Thus, the meaning becomes “study of existence” or “science of existence," and the first person to research it was Aristotle.
4. Genealogy
Like most philosophical terms, the meaning of the word goes back to the Greek, and “genealogy” means the science of genealogy, That is, the search for the origin, and here it is not intended only to return to the beginning; Rather, it is the search for how everything is formed and evolved, and this term today is no longer concerned with the origin of genealogies only; Rather, it examines the genealogy of ethics, politics, religion, and others.
5. Scenography
It can be said that "scenography" is one of the arts that specializes in coordinating theatre, its shape, and creating a place to suit the goals of the theatrical performance, using audio and visual effects that clarify the dramatic text and build its spatial worlds.
6. Mythology
A science that deals with the study of myths and legends in an attempt to explain the universe and man's relationship with nature.
7. Bionic
Also known as bioinspiration, it is a science that deals with the study of living organisms, biological phenomena, and vital systems found in nature and using them to design contemporary engineering systems and technology.
8. Ethnography
It is one of the social sciences that is concerned with studying and describing the conditions of people, their ways of life, their activities, customs, traditions, and characteristics; and "monography" is the detailed study of a topic or phenomenon in a way that includes every aspect and every element of it without neglecting any part or detail.
9. Topography
This science is concerned with the study of the topography of the earth, such as valleys, mountains, etc., its surface features, and the patterns and characteristics of the physical earth surfaces. It is a Greek term, and it can also be said about this science that it is the science of places.
10. Psychology
It is one of the sciences concerned with the study of the mind and its impact on human behavior, and many other sciences are involved in it.
11. Sociology
This term is derived from two words: The first, "socio,” means “society,” and the second, as it has become clear, means “study.” Accordingly, “sociology” means the study of human society and human groups and the relationships that pervade and permeate them in terms of social phenomena. That is, it does not focus on studying the individual alone; Rather, it studies it in groups.
12. The Archaeologist
It is the science that specializes in the study of archeology and research into the material waste left by man on the earth.
13. Polomonji
It is the science of war.
14. Chromonologist
It is the science of studying crime, its causes, and the motives that led to its occurrence, and then its treatment.
15. Graphology
It is the science of studying human personality, as it is concerned with studying lines.
Interpreting the meaning of some psychological terms
We also find a large use of a number of psychological terms whose meaning we do not understand, and we have chosen some of these terms for you and explained their intent in a simple way:
1. Sadism
A psychological term that refers to a sexual perversion that links cruelty, inflicting pain on a partner, and a sense of pleasure.
2. Parapsychology
He is interested in studying the extrasensory perceptions that lie behind the soul, such as telepathy.
3. Dynamic
A psychological term that refers to a variable that significantly affects the function of an organ.
4. Behavioral dynamics
A group of an individual's conscious or unconscious behaviors.
5. The dynamics of the self
It refers to the self-defense mechanisms that a person possesses and uses to adapt to their surroundings.
6. Narcissism
Psychological disorder means excessive self-love in a way that makes everything revolve around itself.
7. Extroverted
A social person who loves humor and fun and interacts with others greatly.
8. Introverted
Unlike the extroverted.
9. Projection
It means casting our shortcomings onto others as a defensive method, such as being a liar and accusing others of lying.
10. Masochism
One of the psychosexual disorders described as self-destructive is that a person's feeling of pleasure is associated with exposure to humiliation, insults, and violence.
In conclusion
In the previous article, we explained the meanings of the most widely circulated and difficult terms that we hear frequently during our daily lives, based on our belief in the need to see in general and with a quick look at everything we see, and the importance of knowing the meanings of these terms. This helps us a lot to understand without falling into a guessing hole, and it also saves us a lot of effort and time when reading or studying research.
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