The key to the success of this process lies in supervision, which implements educational plans and creates the right atmosphere and conditions for all aspects of the educational process to achieve the desired educational goals.
The various parts of the educational system work together to provide educational supervision, which is a continuous technical educational service. Since it strives to alter and correct the incorrect paths in order to produce the best outcomes in the educational field, it is a crucial pillar of its pillars.
The role of educational supervision is not a new one but rather a long-standing one because it has changed from an inspection system based on watching teachers' work and looking for errors to a guiding process based on collaboration between teachers and supervisors to improve educational competencies.
Then it advanced to the next level: educational supervision, which aims to solve the educational problems they are currently facing by using scientific methodological techniques in addition to improving their competence and skills.
Educational Supervision Definition
By providing a suitable working environment and subject-matter expertise to all parties involved in the educational process, educational supervision is primarily a humanitarian educational process that aims to enhance both the teaching and learning processes.
It is a process that requires diligent work, in-depth knowledge, advice, and assistance based on mutual respect and cooperation to overcome all obstacles. As stated in the educational literature, educational supervision is defined as follows:
- It is a set of studied activities offered by qualified educators to support teachers in improving their own educational and evaluation practices inside and outside the classroom, overcoming all challenges they encounter, implementing the recommended curricula, and meeting the established goals in order to bring about desired changes in students' behavior and thinking.
- According to "Tayseer Dweik" and his colleagues in the book "School and Educational Administration Foundations and Educational Supervision," educational supervision is a collaborative and organized leadership process that deals with the educational learning situation and all of its components, such as the curriculum, environmental means and methods, the teacher, and the student. It aims to study and evaluate the factors influencing that situation in order to work on organizing and improving learning and achieving the best goals for teaching and learning.
- The process of effectively guiding and evaluating the educational process is known as educational supervision. It is a democratic, collaborative, and structured leadership process that requires mutual respect and trust between the teacher and the supervisor and is concerned with the entire educational situation, including the curricula, tools, techniques, environment, teachers, and students. It aims to advance learning and teaching by analyzing and improving the factors that have an impact on the educational environment in order to better support learning and teaching goals.
- According to Muhammad Hamid Al-Afandi in his book "Educational Supervision," educational supervision is the ongoing, planned efforts made to support, guide, and encourage teachers to grow personally by working constantly and continuously with their students to achieve the necessary educational goals.
- Educational supervision is an integrated administrative system with elements, inputs, processes, and outputs. A good supervision system is one that works to develop educational supervision by adopting the constructive dimension, the cultural dimension, the integrative dimension, and the effectiveness dimension, and this system is more effective in achieving the desired goals.
Educational Supervision Function
- Educational supervision helps teachers correctly understand the educational goals and realize the true purpose of the school and the duties it must carry out in order to fulfill that purpose.
- Conducting educational research and holding training courses to continuously develop and improve their skills and abilities.
- Familiarizing teaching staff members and administrators working in the educational field with modern educational trends and the latest developments in the educational field, introducing modern teaching methods, developing their skills, and providing them with appropriate knowledge according to each individual's specialization.
- Discovering the special tendencies and talents of teachers and workers in the educational field and working to develop and improve them.
- Giving teachers, particularly inexperienced ones and newcomers to the profession, a variety of experiences and exposing them to the most significant educational resources, technological advancements, and research methodologies will help them grow personally and develop their skills.
- Follow up on the students’ academic progress and various aspects of their growth and create plans to address any weaknesses that emerge.
- overcoming professional challenges by allowing teachers to collaborate and organizing workshops to accomplish this.
- studying the educational curriculum's reality and working to adapt it to the social changes taking place, as well as making it compatible with students' tendencies and interests.
- Encouraging the community to establish efficient communication with the school, its teachers, and its administrators.
- Assisting teachers in dealing with students and educating them on the techniques they can use to deal with individual student differences.
- Guiding and encouraging teachers to create sound, unbiased plans with scientific justification, that are suitable for the unique educational environment being developed for it.
- Giving the educational process what it needs in terms of resources—both human and material—and using them to serve the administration, the school, the teachers, and the students.
- Focusing on the student’s growth in all scientific, cognitive, professional, social, and life aspects, and ensuring that they achieve the educational goals set for them.
- Treatment of urgent issues that might arise in the educational field and in the educational sector in general.
- Preparing periodic reports and statistical studies of the educational process components in order to evaluate and treat them.
Educational Supervision Types
1. Inspection supervision
It is based on the surprise element with the intention of catching mistakes. It involves visiting the teacher in the classroom as they are teaching and closely observing them. The notes from this visit are then written in a report that is used in the teacher's assessment.
2. Corrective supervision
This type of supervision relies on direct intervention rather than writing a report on the teacher's performance, as it is based on observing and talking about the mistakes the teacher has made with them directly. Respecting the teacher and avoiding offending them is one benefit of this type.
3. Leadership supervision
In this type, the student is regarded as the educational process center, as all parties involved in the educational supervision process cooperate to achieve all goals related to the student, their education, and their growth.
4. Preventive supervision
This type aims to foresee the challenges and obstacles that teachers may face, minimize their effects as much as possible, and leave the door open for conversation and discussion to aid in the teacher's self-evaluation.
5. Scientific supervision
This kind of supervision is devoid of the supervisor's subjectivity and is based on objective measurement of the work.
6. Democratic supervision
It is based on the teacher's appreciation and respect, as well as overcoming the difficulties they face.
7. Creative supervision
This type encourages scientific research techniques as well as innovation and excellence in work.
Educational Supervision Methods
1. Classroom Visits
This is a method of individual supervision that allows the supervisor to observe the progression of the educational process and the methods used by the teacher in teaching while also learning about the difficulties that they face in accomplishing the objectives that have been set. There are various types of classroom visits, the most significant of which are:
- Exploratory visit: During this visit, the supervisor ensures that each teacher completes their work in accordance with their area of expertise, concentrating on assigning teachers in accordance with their specializations.
- Guidance visit: During a guidance visit, new experiences, information, and knowledge are given to the learner.
- Demonstration visit: to demonstrate the most recent advances in modern science and their connection to its teaching methods.
- Evaluation visit: to evaluate the teachers' classroom performance.
- Follow-up visit: to check on the status of the educational process and get teacher recommendations.
2. Supervisory Deliberations
They are conversations about educational issues that occur between the educational supervisor and the teacher, and they may be short, brief, or arranged in some way.
3. Exchange Visits
It is a method based on teachers visiting each other to benefit from each other's knowledge and experiences.
4. Practical Lessons
It is a class activity and an exemplary lesson conducted by the educational supervisor or one of the distinguished teachers in a regular classroom and in the presence of several other teachers for a variety of reasons, such as attempting a new scientific method or outlining technical concepts or effective teaching techniques, etc.
5. Educational Workshops
It is a group-based practical educational activity carried out under the supervision of an educational leader with extensive professional experience in order to test the most effective teaching strategies, investigate a problem in education, or complete a particular educational task, like examining a learning unit and its goals and creating its own teaching materials
6. Supervisory Notices
It is a written method of communication between the educational supervisor and the teacher, and it includes a list of guidelines and information meant to enlighten teachers about particular educational activities.
7. Guided Readings
A supervisory method that is based on motivating teachers to practice external reading related to educational practices, and the acquisition and exchange of these books so that it is a deliberate process to guide the teacher to choose specific books and benefit from them in teaching students.
8. Educational Seminars
It is an organized meeting where a number of educational leaders come together to discuss a particular educational issue, then discuss it and express their opinions about it.
In Conclusion
The process of educational supervision is an expression of the concerted efforts made by professionals in the field of education to advance the educational process and move it closer to the desired outcomes. This process is crucial for the cultural, behavioral, and professional growth of teachers as well as for everything else that will help raise the standard of the educational process.
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